Are you looking to form a limited liability company (LLC) in the state of New Mexico, but you’re not sure how the formation process works? There are several important steps when it comes to creating a New Mexico LLC that is compliant and able to do business in the state.
To get started, please reference our 6-step guide below or hire an affordable online LLC formation service.
Guru Tip: If you want help setting up an LLC, we recommend the LLC filing service ZenBusiness. It has excellent pricing, features and company values.
What is a New Mexico LLC?
The New Mexico LLC is one of the most popular business structures in state. It's a more casual and flexible type of business than a corporation, but includes personal asset protection that's lacking from sole proprietorships and general partnerships.
LLCs in New Mexico have simple formation and maintenance requirements, several options for how they can be taxed, and flexible management. From one-person businesses to multi-member LLCs with several owners, the LLC is a popular choice for a reason.
Forming an LLC in New Mexico (in 6 Steps)
Step One) Choose an LLC Name
Your LLC’s name is often the first impression you get to make on potential customers, and therefore it goes without saying that this is an important step. There are a few different aspects to take into consideration when selecting a name for your business:
Legalities
In the state of New Mexico, every limited liability company is required to have either the initials “LLC” or the phrase “limited liability company” in the name. In addition, you cannot include any words that refer to other business types (like “corporation” or “incorporated”), and you also can’t use words that are typically used to refer to specific kinds of businesses (like “bank” or “law office”).
Explanatory Naming
Another aspect to consider is including language that explains what your business does ― for example, if you’re a plumber, put the word “plumber” or “plumbing” in your LLC name. Additionally, if your business has strong values like being environmentally friendly, you can indicate that by including the word “green.”
Get Your Business Domain
To fully embrace the business name, register your URL. With GoDaddy you’ll be able to quickly build a company website so that nobody else can use or take it.
Step Two) Designate a Registered Agent
Every LLC in New Mexico is required to designate a registered agent, which is the individual or registered agent service that receives government correspondence on behalf of your business, then forwards those documents to you.
According to the New Mexico Secretary of State,
The registered agent is responsible for accepting legal paperwork (Service of Process) on the entity’s behalf and forwarding that documentation to the entity being served.”
Without a registered agent, you could lose your good standing with the state of New Mexico, and the state also has the right to dissolve your LLC if they decide to. In a worst-case scenario, the state could fail to alert you regarding a lawsuit against your company, which could even lead to a judgment against your business because you didn’t defend yourself.
Guru Tip: We recommend designating an online service to handle these requirements. This eliminates junk mail and keeps your personal and/or business address off public record. ZenBusiness and Northwest Registered Agent both offer a free registered agent service when you use them to setup an LLC.
Step Three) File Formation Documents with State
Once you are ready to form your New Mexico limited liability company, you will fill out the articles of organization.
This is THE document that will register your LLC with the state. You’ll want to ensure all of the following information is correct on the form:
- Your chosen business name
- Name and address of your registered agent
- Management style (member-managed or manager-managed)
- Name(s) and address(es) of the LLC’s manager
- Name and address of the LLC’s organizer
- Signature of organizer and registered agent
- Effective date
You can fill out this form online by creating an account or you can print off the pdf and mail it.
Cost to Form an LLC: The state of New Mexico charges a $50 fee to form an LLC.
Processing Time: It can take as long as 2-4 weeks for the state to process your mailed-in New Mexico LLC formation paperwork and get your finalized documents in the mail to you. However, most online filings are processed within one or two business days. Please note that the estimate of business days begins once ALL required paperwork is in order and filed correctly.
Step Four) Create an Operating Agreement
After you register an LLC in New Mexico, create a detailed outline that explains how you will run and manage your new business. Even though it doesn’t need to be filed with the state, put one together and keep it for your records.
When you open a bank account, you may be asked for this document in order to open an account. You’ll also want to keep in mind that any future business partners or managing members may also be interested in seeing your Operating Agreement before joining your company. After all, this document essentially serves as your overall plan for success.
An attorney can help you outline your Operating Agreement or create one from a free template online. You can read more about Operating Agreements here, but some of the basic information you’ll want to have includes:
- Individual members' ownership percentages
- Rights and responsibilities
- Voting powers and meeting guidelines
- Allocation of profits and losses
- Management rules for the LLC
- Provisions for buying a member owner out, or transferring their shares in the case of illness or death
Step Five) Handle Taxation Requirements
Federal Requirements
The vast majority of LLCs require a federal tax ID number, or EIN. An EIN is basically the business version of a social security number, and it’s used for a variety of important LLC functions.
For instance, you’ll need an EIN if you want to hire any employees, and many banks require them to open business bank accounts as well. You’ll also need one for tax purposes, hence the name federal tax ID number. Get an EIN for your LLC for free through the IRS.
State Requirements
When it comes to state-level LLC taxes, New Mexico levies these taxes based on the nature of your business. If your LLC is considered a pass-through entity—usually a sole proprietorship or partnership—you’ll pay income taxes on your individual tax returns. However, LLCs which choose to be taxed as corporations will be subject to the state’s corporate income taxes. The corporate tax rate is 5.9%; you can learn more about New Mexico’s corporate income taxes here.
LLCs involved in retail sales will need to pay sales taxes to the state. However, in New Mexico this tax is referred to as the gross receipts tax. The rate is 5.125% to 8.6875% depending on your location within the state. You can learn more here.
LLC owners with employees are also required to pay a number of taxes. First, employers are responsible to pay withholding taxes on employee wages. Essentially, you’ll keep back a portion of an employee’s wages and forward that tax to the state. You can learn more about New Mexico’s withholding taxes here. Similarly, New Mexico employers are also required to make payments to the state’s unemployment insurance. While it’s not technically a tax, you do need to pay it on a regular basis, so we’ve included it in this section. You can learn more about this fund at the New Mexico Department of Workforce Solutions.
In addition to these general taxes, New Mexico also requires taxes specific to particular industries. For example, there are taxes on gaming, petroleum, and more. You can get a full list of New Mexico’s taxes here.
Local Requirements
Depending on where in New Mexico your business is located, you could also need to pay some local taxes. For example, you’ll be responsible for local property taxes. And remember those gross receipts tax we talked about earlier? How much you’ll pay will depend on your location. You can look up your rate for your municipality here.
Step Six) Obtain Business Licenses and Permits
The state of New Mexico does not have a statewide general business license that each LLC needs to acquire in order to do business.
However, New Mexico upholds the licensure required by the federal government for certain occupations, including agriculture, aviation, and more. Please consult the Small Business Association’s listings for federally-regulated industries requiring licensure.
And much like the state has industry-specific tax requirements, it also has licenses and permits that are required for businesses in certain industries. New Mexico has hundreds of these licenses, so there’s a good chance at least one of them applies to your LLC.
We recommend that every LLC owner search through the state database of licenses for business here, and don’t forget that your local government may require licenses or permits as well.
Next Steps: What to do After Creating a New Mexico LLC
Open a business bank account
We highly recommend that you establish a separate business banking account so that your business and personal finances are maintained completely separate. This is important because it helps protect your personal assets and also makes filing taxes much easier. Once you receive your EIN from the IRS, you’ll be able to use it to establish an account at the bank or credit union of your choice.
Get Business Insurance
Every New Mexico business with employees is strictly required to acquire workers’ compensation insurance. For more information on this policy, check out the New Mexico Workers' Compensation Commission. Essentially, this policy helps to pay your employees when a work injury or illness keeps them from working. After you obtain these legally required policies, it’s probably also a good idea to pursue general liability insurance, as well as some industry-specific policies.
Understand income reporting
Income reporting is just what it sounds like – reporting the income you made from your business. It’s important to note that you must file this form whether you made or lost money over the course of the year. The state of New Mexico offers several resources for income reports for your business as well as the forms you’ll need; access them here.
Understand annual reporting
New Mexico is unique because it does not require that all LLCs file an annual report. Normally, the annual report is a filing which updates the state on any pertinent information regarding your business that has changed over the course of the year.
Find an accountant
We don’t recommend that you attempt to manage your business finances without the help of a professional. There is too much room for error, and a professional can ultimately save you time and money by guiding you on how best to manage your business finances. At a minimum, enlist professional help to set you up with software and the steps for keeping up with your finances on a regular basis. Then, consult back with your accountant at least a couple of times per year – and especially at tax time – to ensure you’re keeping track of everything correctly.