Are you looking to form a limited liability company (LLC) in Maryland, but you’re not sure how the process works? There are several important steps to create a compliant Maryland LLC that can do business in the state.
To get started, please reference our five-step guide below or hire an affordable online LLC formation service.
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What Is a Maryland LLC?
The Maryland LLC is one of the most popular business structures in the state. It’s a more casual and flexible type of business than a corporation but includes the personal asset protection that’s lacking in sole proprietorships and general partnerships.
LLCs in Maryland have simple formation and maintenance requirements, several options for how they can be taxed, and flexible management. From one-person businesses to multi-member LLCs with several owners, the LLC is a popular choice for a reason.
Setting Up a Brand-New Maryland LLC in 5 Steps
For the first part of this guide, we’ll cover the five essential steps to setting up a Maryland business that doesn’t have employees yet. These steps also apply to businesses with employees, but we’re keeping things streamlined to start. If you do have employees, make sure you complete these steps and the steps for employers (which we’ll cover later in the guide).
Step One: Choose a Business Name
Your LLC’s name is often the first impression you get to make on potential customers, and therefore it goes without saying that this is an important step. There are a few different aspects to consider when naming your business.
Legalities
In the state of Maryland, you’re required by law to meet several requirements for your business name. Here’s a quick glimpse at the rules for LLCs:
- Your name must include the phrase “limited liability company” or the abbreviations “LLC” or “LC” or a close variation of these
- Your name cannot imply that you are organized for a purpose other than what is permitted by your Articles of Organization
- Your name must be “distinguishable on the record” or distinct from the names of other state businesses
For more information on naming rules in Maryland, please consult the Entity Names Subtitle of Maryland’s Corporations and Associations Laws.
Explanatory Naming
Another aspect to consider is including language that explains what your business does ― for example, if you’re starting a coffee shop, put the word “coffee” or “brew” in your LLC name. Additionally, if your business has strong values like being environmentally friendly, you can indicate that by including the word “green.” This helps potential customers know exactly what to expect from your business.
Once you’ve picked the perfect name for your business, you don’t want to lose it to another aspiring entrepreneur. Thankfully, Maryland allows you to reserve your business name if you’re not quite ready to register your business. To do that, you’ll need to file the Corporate Name Reservation and pay the $25 filing fee.
Filing the reservation protects your chosen name for your exclusive use for 30 days. You can learn more about name reservations here.
Step Two: Appoint a Resident Agent
Every LLC in Maryland is required to designate a resident agent, which is the individual or resident agent service that receives government correspondence on behalf of your business, then forwards those documents to you.
When you appoint a Maryland resident agent, here are the state requirements to be mindful of:
- Every entity that registers with the Department of Assessments and Taxation (both domestic and foreign) must appoint a resident agent
- The agent must be an individual resident of the state or a Maryland corporation
- An agent must be continuously maintained
You can find a full rundown of the state laws here.
Without a resident agent, you could lose your good standing with the state of Maryland, and the state also has the right to dissolve your LLC if they decide to. In a worst-case scenario, you could miss the alert regarding a lawsuit against your company, which could even lead to a judgment against your business because you didn’t defend yourself.
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Step Three: File Formation Documents
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Once you are ready to form your Maryland limited liability company, you will fill out the Articles of Organization. You can either do this on your own or hire a Maryland LLC service. Some services, like ZenBusiness, even offer free LLC formations (just pay your state fee).
This is the document that will register your LLC with the state. You’ll want to ensure all of the following information is correct on the form:
- Your chosen business name
- Your stated business purpose
- The address for the business
- The name and address of your resident agent
- Signature of resident agent
- Signature(s) of Authorized Person(s)
- Return address of the filing party
Maryland keeps this filing procedure relatively simple; as long as you fill out all the required information, you’re mostly set to go. That said, you do need to include your resident agent’s signature. Some states let you get by with just a verbal confirmation of the resident agent’s consent to serve your business; however, in Maryland, the signature acts as confirmation of that consent.
As long as you have the signature and all of the information filled out correctly, you’ll be good to go. You can also file this form online, but there is a slight upcharge.
Total cost: $100 (plus $3 service fee for online filings)
Processing speed: 4-6 weeks for paper filings, 7-10 days for online
Step Four: Draft an Operating Agreement
After you register an LLC in Maryland, create a detailed outline that explains how you will run and manage your new business. Even though it doesn’t need to be filed with the state, put one together and keep it for your records.
When you open a bank account, you may be asked for this document in order to open an account. You’ll also want to keep in mind that any future business partners or managing members may also be interested in seeing your operating agreement before joining your company. After all, this document essentially serves as your overall plan for success.
An attorney can help you outline your operating agreement or create one from a free template online. You can read more about operating agreements, but some of the basic information you’ll want to have includes:
- Individual members’ ownership percentages
- Rights and responsibilities
- Voting powers and meeting guidelines
- Allocation of profits and losses
- Management rules for the LLC
- Provisions for buying out a member-owner or transferring their shares in the case of illness or death
Step Five: Get Licenses & Permits
Maryland law requires an LLC to obtain all necessary licenses and permits before starting operations. The type and cost of the permits that your business may require vary depending on the nature of the services your LLC offers. Technically speaking, Maryland does not have a statewide general business license. However, a lot of counties require them; we recommend consulting your local county government to confirm what the requirements are in your area.
Next, there’s a good chance that you’ll need to get one or more industry-specific licenses. For example, Maryland has licenses for architecture and air quality and lots of professions in between. We recommend checking out Maryland OneStop for a comprehensive look at what professional licenses are required in the state. If your industry requires a license, you can find resources to apply there. And if you don’t need one (which is true for quite a few small businesses), then you’re all set.
Last but not least, you should check with your city or county to see if they maintain any licensure requirements.
Next Steps for Newly Formed LLCs
1. Obtain a Business Bank Account
One of the most important aspects of running an LLC is ensuring that your business funds remain separate from your personal finances. And to do that, you’ll need a separate bank account for your business.
Obtaining a business bank account is pretty simple, and you can choose the financial institution you like best. Some banks will ask to review your LLC’s operating agreement, and it’s a near-certainty that they’ll ask to see your EIN (Employer Identification Number). This is a free registration with the IRS, and the number acts a lot like a Social Security number for a business.
Once you have your account, you’ll be able to get checks, make payments using your business card, and so on.
If you failed to get a business bank account, you would technically be blurring the line between your personal accounts and your business accounts. That compromises your personal asset protection.
2. Prepare for Tax Time
Regardless of how far away April 15th is, it’s never too soon to prepare for tax time and set up accounting software. As an LLC owner, the exact tax rates you’ll pay depend on the taxation structure you choose for your business. If you choose to be taxed as a corporation, the LLC itself will pay taxes from its own funds. Meanwhile, LLCs taxed as pass-through entities don’t technically pay taxes; their members do. The profits are distributed to the LLC’s members, and each member reports that income on Schedule C of their personal taxes.
If you choose to be taxed as a corporation, you’ll pay the following rates:
- Federal: 21%
- State: 8.25%
Meanwhile, LLCs taxed as pass-through entities pay these rates:
- Federal: 10-37%
- State: 2-5.75%
In order to compliantly file and pay your taxes, you’ll fill out a complete copy of federal Form 1065 including all federal K-1s, statements, and attachments. If you file as a corporation, you’ll use Maryland Form 500, while businesses taxed as pass-through entities use Maryland Form 510 instead.
Other than that, if you’re in retail sales, you’ll need to collect and pay the state sales tax; Maryland currently charges a 6% rate. There are also a variety of industry-specific taxes and fees, such as fees for boxing, alcohol, tobacco, and more. It’s possible one of these miscellaneous tax types could apply to your business, so we recommend consulting the Comptroller of Maryland to check the taxes you’re subject to.
Because taxes can be incredibly complicated, we highly recommend consulting with a business attorney or accountant to ensure that you cover all requirements on the state and federal levels.
3. Be Ready to File Your Annual Report
All business owners operating in Maryland must complete an Annual Report filing. Not only does this document alert the state that you’re still in business, but it also keeps the state up-to-date regarding some important information regarding your business that could have changed over the course of the year.
The report is fairly simple to file; we recommend submitting it online for quick processing (and no waiting on the postal service). The report is due by April 15th of each year. There is a $300 filing fee.
4. Consider Business Insurance
The big advantage of the LLC is that it offers you personal asset protection. But that doesn’t mean that mishaps won’t happen along the way. We highly recommend obtaining a general liability policy with the right coverage for your business.
In the event of a mishap or natural disaster, an insurance policy can help you navigate unexpected expenses. Be sure to compare your different options to get the best coverage for your particular type of business.
Extra Steps for Businesses with Employees
When you’re operating as a one- or two-person show, operating a business is relatively streamlined. Things get more complicated when you bring employees into the picture, but employees also help raise your business to new heights. But to reach those heights, you need to comply with employee-related legal requirements.
Step One: Address employee-related taxes
Any business with employees must obtain an EIN, or an Employer Identification Number. This is a free registration with the IRS, and the number acts a lot like a social security number for a business. Obtaining the number also lays the groundwork for other taxes, such as social security and withholding taxes. For example, you’re required to withhold income taxes from employee paychecks, make social security and medicare tax payments, and pay unemployment fund taxes. For more information on employer taxes at the federal level, look here.
There are similar taxes on the state level. For example, Maryland requires withholding taxes, contributions to the unemployment insurance fund, and more. We recommend consulting with the Comptroller of Maryland and the Department of Labor to learn more about how these taxes apply to your business.
Step Two: Obtain additional insurance
Every Maryland business with employees is strictly required to to get workers’ compensation insurance. For more information on this policy, check out the Questions & Answers for Employers page by the Workers’ Compensation Commission.
If you haven’t already obtained a general liability policy, we highly recommend that you do so when you bring employees into the business. The more people you have involved in a business, the higher your risk of needing general liability insurance.
Of course, proper care and discretion will eliminate most problems, but incidents happen—from faulty products to an employee slipping and falling and theft and many places in between. And in some cases, insurance can be the difference between a minor hiccup and a budget-breaker.
Step Three: Enlist Help
For some entrepreneurs, part of the fun of running a business is the opportunity to wear lots of different hats: accountant, manager, marketer, quality control expert—it’s a near-endless list. And if your business is still pretty small, you might be able to handle many of these tasks yourself, especially if you’re prepared with a business administration degree.
But if you aren’t (and it certainly isn’t a prerequisite), some of these tasks may leave you feeling overburdened or out of your depth. For instance, navigating employer-related taxes might steal valuable time that you’d rather spend promoting your business or developing a new product. An accountant or tax attorney, however, knows those tasks like the back of their hand. You may decide it’s worth the added expense to enlist their help.
Ultimately, it’s your decision whether to bring in professionals or DIY. But in our opinion, it’s often worth it to get help from specialized pros.